考试知识点37 反义疑问句
高考考试频度:★★★☆☆
高考考试对疑问句的考查主如果对反义疑问句的考查。
反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句,指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句,用于对陈述句所说的事实或看法提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应维持一致,但一定和否定形式却彼此相反,即陈述部分为一定式时,疑问句部分用否定式;陈述部分为否定式时,附加部分用一定式。
反义疑问句主要分以下各种状况:
反意疑问句由两部分构成:前一部分用陈述句形式,后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。陈述部分用一定形式时,附加问句部分用否定形式,反之亦然。附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定,而且主语需要是代词。
1. 陈述部分的主语是名词时,附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词。
Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didn’t they?
2. 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时,反意疑问句的主语侧重全部用they,侧重个体用he。
No one was there that day, was he/were they?
3. 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
Everything that he says is true, isn’t it?
4. 陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问句的主语在正式的场所用one,在非正式场所用you。
One should be honest, shouldn’t one/you?
5. 陈述部分主语是指示代词时,反意疑问句的主语要用it或they。
This is your car, isn’t it?
Those are grapes, aren’t they?
6. 陈述部分是there be结构时,反意疑问句仍用there。
There was a hospital here, wasn’t there?
7. 陈述部分有表示推断的情态动词must时,反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。
They must be sleeping then, weren’t they?
must后接完成式,若表示对过去状况的推断,附加问句中动词用didn’t;若表示对已完成状况的推断,用haven’t或hasn’t。
8. 陈述部分含有否定词时,反意疑问句用一定式。
He is never late for school, is he?
They seldom clean the room, do they?
容易见到的否定词有no,never,nothing,nowhere,rarely,hardly,seldom,few,little等;若陈述部分有带否定意义词缀的派生词,如dislike,useless,unfair等,后面的附加问句仍用否定式。
9. 陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问句用will you或won’t you。
Look at the blackboard, will/won’t you?
Don’t make any noise, will you?
以Let’s开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用shall we;以Let us/me开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用will you;陈述部分是相反的祈使句,反意疑问句用will you或can you都可以。
10. 陈述部分是并列句时,反意疑问句与邻近的分句一致。
She works hard and she is the best one in her factory, isn’t she?
11. 陈述部分是复合句时,反意疑问句与主句一致。
When the teacher speaks in class, we have to keep quiet, don’t we?
12. 陈述部分是不是定转移句式时,反意疑问句与从句一致,且用一定形式。
I don’t think he will come, will he?
在回答反意疑问句时,不管其陈述句部分是一定的还是相反的,假如事实是一定的,回答用"yes+一定的简略句";假如事实是相反的,回答用"no+否定的简略句",形式要一致。陈述部分是不是定形式时,答语中的yes译成"不",no译成"是"。
—They haven’t been told the truth, have they?
—Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
I.单项填空
1.Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, __________she?
A. had B. did
C. hadn’t D. didn’t
2.You and I could hardly work together, _________?
A. could you B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t we D. could we
3.I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, __________ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I
C. didn’t you D. could they
4.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it
C. don’t they D. do they
5. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ___________?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he
C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
6. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ___________?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
7. The students who are sitting at the back of the classroom, please keep quiet, __________?
A. do you B. don’t they
C. aren’t you D. will you
8. —Mrs Willson doesn’t believe that Tom is able to pass the exam, ___________?
—That’s where I disagree.
A. does she B. doesn’t she
C.is she D. isn’t she
9.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn't B. haven't
C. didn't D. hadn't
10. Let’s work out a plan that we all can agree on, _____________?
A. shall we B. don’t we
C. will you D. can’t we
11. —The government must have taken measures to lower the house prices next year, _____________ it?
—Yes. I guess so.
A. didn’t B. hasn’t
C. mustn’t D. won’t
12.When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, _____________?
A.do you B.don’t you
C.will you D.won’t you
II. 语法填空
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of __________and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of __________________________________________________. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __________________________________________________ often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused __________________________________________________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __________________________________________________possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent __________________________________________________ show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks__________. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for______________________________while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __________________________________________________ your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, __________________________________________________ sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
1.D 【分析】主句是一般过去时态的一定句,因此其反意问句应该用一般过去时态的否定句。
2.D 【分析】依据陈述部分是一定形式,疑问部分用否定形式;反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly, 故疑问部分用一定形式,主语是you and I。故应选D。
3.B 【分析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓维持一致。陈述部分为一定,故附加部分为否定,本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them…,所以选择B。句意:我告诉他们并不是每一个人都可以跑得和你一样快,不是吗?
4.B 【分析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓维持一致。陈述部分为否定,故附加部分为一定,句意:他们是不是来参加你的派对,没关系,是吗?
5. C 【分析】考查反意疑问句。在"It’s the first time that..."句型中,反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别维持一致。故C项正确。
6. B 【分析】考查反意疑问句。在既有主句又有从句的时候,假如主句部分是I think,I suppose,I’m sure,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语维持一致。故在该题中,反意疑问句要和从句"you’d rather she went to school by bus"一致,依据前否后肯的原则,该反意疑问句应为"wouldn’t you"。故B选项正确。
7. D 【分析】考查反意疑问句。若陈述部分为祈使句,反意疑问句一般用will you, won’t you, would you等。句意:那些坐在教室后面的同学,请维持安静,可以吗?故选D。
8. A 【分析】考查反意疑问句。句意:——Willson觉得Tom不会通过考试,是吗?——我不认可。由前面的Mrs Willson doesn’t可知后面用does she,故A项正确。
9.C 在“…must have done…”这个表示对过去的推断的句型中,反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式,由于must用于表推断时仅可以用于一定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语,反义疑问句需要用过去时的否定式,若没明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调近况则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer,故选C。
10. A 【分析】考查反意疑问句。句意:大家制定出一个大伙都会赞同的计划,行吗?Let’s..., shall we? 是常见的表示建议的句型。
11. B 【分析】考查反意疑问句。句意:——政府一定已经采取手段减少房价了,是吗?——是的,我觉得是如此。当陈述句谓语部分为must have done形式,表示对过去的状况进行推断,其反意疑问句要依据陈述部分谓语的状况用"didn’t+主语"或"wasn’t/weren’t+主语";假如强调动作的完成(一般没明确的过去时间状语),问句要用"haven’t/hasn’t+主语"。该句中没明确的过去时间状语,故B选项切题。
12.C 【分析】考查反意疑问句。句意:你读完那本书时,别忘了把它放回到书架上,怎么样?除否定转移句型以外的主从复合句,通常都是对主句的主语和谓语动词进行反问,本题的主句don’t forget to put it back on the shelf 是不是定形式,其反意疑问部分要用一定结构,再依据"主将从现"原则,时间状语从句中用目前时态,主句要用以后时,故选C。
II. 语法填空
【语篇解析】本文是说明,告诉大家当工作重压太大的时候,如何做来合理释放重压。
1. greater
【分析】考查形容词的比较级。依据语境及下文的"and less importance"可知,此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance,故填greater。
2. achievement
【分析】考查词性转换。第一处置非常重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的收获感。介词后接名词,a real sense of achievement意为"一种真实的收获感"。
3.is
【分析】考查主谓一致和时态。把不太要紧的事情留到明天一般是可以同意的。剖析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow",故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且全文的基本时态为一般目前时。故填is。
4.on
【分析】考查介词。大家中的大部分人在早上的时候会比大家在一天中的晚些时候愈加集中于大家的工作。固定短语be focused on 意为"集中于……"。故填on。
5.as
【分析】考查连词。因此,早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽量高效。固定结构as…as possible意为"尽量……"。
6.studies
【分析】考查名词复数。最新的研究表明,假如大家有规律地短暂休息的话,大家在工作中会变得高效得多。剖析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,为复数形式,且study作"研究,调查"讲时为可数名词,故主语应为复数。故填studies。
7.regularly
【分析】考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take,故填regularly"有规律地"。
8.a
【分析】考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为"一会儿"。
9.to bring
【分析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为"可能做某事",故填to bring。
10.make
【分析】考查祈使句。剖析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。